How does Google Penguin work?

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I Would Like To Know That How does Google Penguin work?

The Google Penguin update targets websites and SEO's who used blackhat or spammy backlinks that are in violation of their guidelines to game Google's results and achieve higher rankings. It is one of 200 signals that Google uses to determine rankings.

Google launched the Penguin Update in April 2012 to better catch sites deemed to be spamming its search results, in particular those doing so by buying links or obtaining them through link networks designed primarily to boost Google rankings.